Since the beginning of the 1990s, the gradual widening of scientific and policy debates on poverty from a narrow focus on income poverty to a more inclusive concept of social exclusion, has made poverty research both more interesting and more complicated. This transition to a more multidimensional conceptualization of poverty forms the background and starting point of this book. Researchers studying the 'social' and 'spatial' dimensions of poverty have only started to challenge and explore the boundaries of each other's research perspectives and instruments. This book brings together these different bodies of literature on the intersection of spatial and social exclusion for the first time, by providing a state-of-the art review written by internationally-recognized experts who critically reflect on the theoretical status of their research on social exclusion, and on the implications this has for future research and policy-making agendas.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the gradual widening of scientific and policy debates on poverty from a narrow focus on income poverty to a more inclusive concept of social exclusion, has made poverty research both more interesting and more complicated. This transition to a more multidimensional conceptualization of poverty forms the background and starting point of this book. Researchers studying the 'social' and 'spatial' dimensions of poverty have only started to challenge and explore the boundaries of each other's research perspectives and instruments. This book brings together these different bodies of literature on the intersection of spatial and social exclusion for the first time, by providing a state-of-the art review written by internationally-recognized experts who critically reflect on the theoretical status of their research on social exclusion, and on the implications this has for future research and policy-making agendas.

In contemporary European and American urban policy and politics and in academic research it is typically assumed that spatial concentrations of poor households and/or ethnic minority households will have negative effects upon the opportunities to improve the social conditions of those who are living in these concentrations. Since the level of concentration tends to be correlated with the level of spatial segregation the 'debate on segregation' is also linked to the social opportunity discussion. This book explores the central questions in urban and housing studies:

• Do poor neighbourhoods make their residents poorer?
• Does the neighbourhood structure exert an effect on the residents (behavioural, attitudinal, or psychological) even when controlling for individual characteristics of the residents?

This issue has offered a locus for multi-disciplinary investigations on both sides of the Atlantic, and this volume demonstrates the rich geographical, sociological, economic and psychological dimensions of this issue.
This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Housing Studies.

In contemporary European and American urban policy and politics and in academic research it is typically assumed that spatial concentrations of poor households and/or ethnic minority households will have negative effects upon the opportunities to improve the social conditions of those who are living in these concentrations. Since the level of concentration tends to be correlated with the level of spatial segregation the 'debate on segregation' is also linked to the social opportunity discussion. This book explores the central questions in urban and housing studies: Do poor neighbourhoods make their residents poorer? Does the neighbourhood structure exert an effect on the residents (behavioural, attitudinal, or psychological) even when controlling for individual characteristics of the residents? This issue has offered a locus for multi-disciplinary investigations on both sides of the Atlantic, and this volume demonstrates the rich geographical, sociological, economic and psychological dimensions of this issue. This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Housing Studies.

Many policies in several Western European countries and the U.S. aim to counter spatial concentrations of deprivation and create more socio-economically mixed residential areas. Such policies are founded on the belief that neighbourhoods have a strong and independent effect upon the well-being and life-chances of individuals. The adequacy of the evidence base to support this position has been the subject of spirited debate on both sides of the Atlantic. The primary purpose of this book is to contribute to this policy-relevant discussion by presenting new scholarship from many countries that rigorously quantifies various sorts of neighbourhood effects through the use of cutting-edge social scientific techniques. The secondary purpose of this book is to introduce these techniques to a wider array of housing and planning researchers and to show how a variety of disciplines have offered insightful, synergistic perspectives. Research on neighbourhood effects has over the last 15 years led to a body of knowledge extending far beyond the sociological urban research where it originated. The problem of quantifying neighbourhood effects and the use of associated methodologies (like multi-level analysis, instrumental variables) has attracted scholars from criminology, sociology, social geography, economics and health science, and thus serves as a critical locus for interdisciplinary scholarship. This book was previously published as a special issue of Housing Studies.

Many policies in several Western European countries and the U.S. aim to counter spatial concentrations of deprivation and create more socio-economically mixed residential areas. Such policies are founded on the belief that neighbourhoods have a strong and independent effect upon the well-being and life-chances of individuals. The adequacy of the evidence base to support this position has been the subject of spirited debate on both sides of the Atlantic. The primary purpose of this book is to contribute to this policy-relevant discussion by presenting new scholarship from many countries that rigorously quantifies various sorts of neighbourhood effects through the use of cutting-edge social scientific techniques.

The secondary purpose of this book is to introduce these techniques to a wider array of housing and planning researchers and to show how a variety of disciplines have offered insightful, synergistic perspectives. Research on neighbourhood effects has over the last 15 years led to a body of knowledge extending far beyond the sociological urban research where it originated. The problem of quantifying neighbourhood effects and the use of associated methodologies (like multi-level analysis, instrumental variables) has attracted scholars from criminology, sociology, social geography, economics and health science, and thus serves as a critical locus for interdisciplinary scholarship.

This book was previously published as a special issue of Housing Studies.

Carbon Capture and Storage technologies (CCS) are moving from experiment toward commercial applications at a rapid pace, driven by urgent demand for carbon mitigation strategies. This book examines the potential role of CCS from four perspectives: technology development, economic competitiveness, environmental and safety impacts, and social acceptance. IEK-STE of Forschungszentrum Juelich presents this interdisciplinary study on CCS, based on methods of Integrated Technology Assessment. Following an introductory chapter by editor Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Part I of the book surveys the status of carbon capture technologies, and assesses the potential for research and development of applications that are useful at scales required for meaningful mitigation. Transportation, Utilization and Environmental Aspects of CO2 receive chapter-length treatments, and the section concludes with an examination of safe geological storage of CO2 based on the example of the Ketzin pilot site, not far from Berlin. Part II covers Economic and Societal Perspectives. The first chapter discusses the use of CCS in the energy sector, analyzing costs associated with electricity generation and CO2 mitigation on the basis of technology-specific cost and process parameters, along with a merit-order illustration of the possible implications of CCS facilities for energy costs. Later chapters outline the costs of CCS application in energy- and CO2-intensive industries; analyze system characteristics of CCS infrastructures, showing that the infrastructure cost function depends on the ratio of fixed to variable costs, as well as on the spatial distribution of CO2 sources and storage facilities; interpret cross-sector carbon mitigation strategies and their impacts on the energy and CO2 balance; and discuss awareness and knowledge of CCS, attitudes towards it, and how the risks and benefits of CCS are perceived. Part III discusses the Framework for Energy and Climate Policy, with chapters on acceptance and adoption of CCS policy in Germany, and the EU, and an assessment of international cooperation in support of CCS. The final chapter summarizes the central arguments, discusses the potential role of carbon capture and utilization as part of a German transformation strategy, and extrapolates the findings to European and international contexts.

Carbon Capture and Storage technologies (CCS) are moving from experiment toward commercial applications at a rapid pace, driven by urgent demand for carbon mitigation strategies. This book examines the potential role of CCS from four perspectives: technology development, economic competitiveness, environmental and safety impacts, and social acceptance. IEK-STE of Forschungszentrum Juelich presents this interdisciplinary study on CCS, based on methods of Integrated Technology Assessment. Following an introductory chapter by editor Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Part I of the book surveys the status of carbon capture technologies, and assesses the potential for research and development of applications that are useful at scales required for meaningful mitigation. Transportation, Utilization and Environmental Aspects of CO2 receive chapter-length treatments, and the section concludes with an examination of safe geological storage of CO2 based on the example of the Ketzin pilot site, not far from Berlin. Part II covers Economic and Societal Perspectives. The first chapter discusses the use of CCS in the energy sector, analyzing costs associated with electricity generation and CO2 mitigation on the basis of technology-specific cost and process parameters, along with a merit-order illustration of the possible implications of CCS facilities for energy costs. Later chapters outline the costs of CCS application in energy- and CO2-intensive industries; analyze system characteristics of CCS infrastructures, showing that the infrastructure cost function depends on the ratio of fixed to variable costs, as well as on the spatial distribution of CO2 sources and storage facilities; interpret cross-sector carbon mitigation strategies and their impacts on the energy and CO2 balance; and discuss awareness and knowledge of CCS, attitudes towards it, and how the risks and benefits of CCS are perceived. Part III discusses the Framework for Energy and Climate Policy, with chapters on acceptance and adoption of CCS policy in Germany, and the EU, and an assessment of international cooperation in support of CCS. The final chapter summarizes the central arguments, discusses the potential role of carbon capture and utilization as part of a German transformation strategy, and extrapolates the findings to European and international contexts.

In international negotiations, the question of the design and the legal form of the negotiated instrument is as complex as it is often controversial. Intended as a read for both practitioners and academics, this book provides a comprehensive treatise of the characteristics, the potential and the limits of nonbinding instruments in international environmental law and governance. An extensive overview and typology of nonbinding instruments as well as several case studies from the areas of fisheries (FAO), hazardous substances (UNEP/FAO) and corporate social responsibility (OECD) provide the material for an in-depth analysis of the role of nonbinding instruments on all levels of governance. The book demonstrates the potential but also highlights the limits of nonbinding instruments in the interplay with customary and treaty law (e.g. UNCLOS, WTO) as bases for interinstitutional linkages and as tools to shape the behaviour of states and private actors. Legitimacy challenges arising from this form of exercise of authority are then discussed in the final chapter, alongside with remedies to address possible concerns.

The author introduces the reader to the creation and implementation of space-related models by applying a learning-by-doing and problem-oriented approach. The required procedural skills are rarely taught at universities and many scientists and engineers struggle to transfer a model into a computer program. The purpose of this book is to fill this gap. It moves from simple to more complex applications, covering various important topics in the sequence: dynamic matrix processing, 2D and 3D graphics, databases, Java applets and parallel computing. A file (SMOP.zip) with all examples can be downloaded free of charge from the Internet at http: //de.geocities.com/bsttc2/book.

The author introduces the reader to the creation and implementation of space-related models by applying a learning-by-doing and problem-oriented approach. The required procedural skills are rarely taught at universities and many scientists and engineers struggle to transfer a model into a computer program. The purpose of this book is to fill this gap. It moves from simple to more complex applications, covering various important topics in the sequence: dynamic matrix processing, 2D and 3D graphics, databases, Java applets and parallel computing. A file (SMOP.zip) with all examples can be downloaded free of charge from the Internet at http: //de.geocities.com/bsttc2/book.

Die 'Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie' ist seit fast 50 Jahren eine der fuhrenden Fachzeitschriften der Sozialwissenschaften. In diesem Band wird eine Auswahl bedeutender Aufsatze der vergangenen Jahre vorgelegt. In den Beitragen zu den Grundlagen der Soziologie, zu den Klassikern des Faches, zu historischen und empirischen Analysen und zur Stellung der Soziologie in der Gesellschaft werden noch einmal die grosse Themenvielfalt und das Reflexionsniveau dieser Zeitschrift vor Augen gefuhrt.

Jurgen F. Studt untersucht qualitativ und quantitativ, ob und inwieweit ein Change-Management-Ansatz organisationstheoretisch unterlegt werden kann und wie sich die Nachhaltigkeit eines Ansatzes in der PMI erreichen lasst. Als Fallstudie dient die Ubernahme von Veba Oel und Aral durch BP, die er in der Leitung des Integrationsteams begleitete."

Die Frage nach den Formen und Moglichkeiten der sozialen Integration gehort zu den zentralen Themen der Soziologie. In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Soziologie hiermit vor allem unter dem Aspekt beschaftigt, ob moderne Gesellschaften eine Desintegration aufweisen, also einen geringeren gesellschaftlichen Konsens uber Werte und Normen. Diese Diskussion nehmen auch die Beitrage in diesem Band auf. Es werden die unterschiedlichen Theorien dargestellt, die soziale Integration bzw. Desintegration erklaren; die Spanne reicht von Emile Durkheim uber die Systemtheorie bis hin zu Rational Choice-Ansatzen. In den Beitragen werden sowohl die grundlegenden Probleme der sozialen Integration als auch der aktuelle Forschungsstand behandelt. Sie richten sich auf soziale Integration als soziales und theoretisches Problem, auf die Funktion von Institutionen und das Vertrauen in Institutionen, auf die Zusammenhange von Legitimation, Moral und Religion, ferner die Bedeutung des Rechts fur die soziale Integration einer Gesellschaft.

Die okonomischen, politischen und sozialen Umwalzungen der letzten Jahre stellen fur die Soziologie eine Herausforderung dar. Wie die Transformation sozialistischer Gesellschaften und die Probleme der Globalisierung der Wirtschaft zeigen, scheint die Fahigkeit der Soziologie begrenzt, sozialen Wandel theoretisch zu fassen, empirisch zu beschreiben und kausal zu erklaren. Es wird mithin die generelle Frage gestellt, in welchem Masse es der Soziologie gelingen kann, langerfristige Veranderungsprozesse fur Gesellschaften und gesellschaftliche Teilbereiche zu diagnostizieren, ihre Richtung vorherzusagen oder fur die Vergangenheit zu rekonstruieren.
Folgende Themen und Fragestellungen werden untersucht: Woher stammen die Begriffe und Theorien, mit denen Soziologie langerfristige Entwicklungen wahrgenommen haben? In welchem Sinn haben allgemeine Theorieentwicklungen die Diagnosefahigkeit der Soziologie entfaltet oder behindert? Wie erfolgreich waren Diagnosen langerfristiger Entwicklungen in der Vergangenheit? In welchem Verhaltnis stehen die Entwicklung von empirischen Beschreibungs- und methodischen Analysepotentialen zur Diagnosefahigkeit? Welche methodischen Mittel fordern und welche methodischen Probleme behindern die Diagnosefahigkeit der Soziologie? Wie selektiv ist die Rezeption soziologischer Entwicklungsanalysen und ihrer Deutungen in der Offentlichkeit

Der vorliegende Band Baubetriebslehre wurde in kollegialer Zusammenarbeit der Auto- ren Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Winfried Brecheler, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Jurgen Friedrich, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfons Hilmer und Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Richard Weiss erstellt. Der besondere Dank der Auto- ren gilt Herrn Dipl.-Ing. Ewald-J. Weichenmeier von der Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft fur die Bearbeitung des Kapitels Sicherheitstechnik. Der Band Baubetriebslehre gliedert sich ein in eine dreibandige Reihe, die unter den Oberbegriffen Projektmanagement und Baubetrieb steht. Die Zielsetzung dieser Reihe ist es, durch eine intensive Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Autoren, dem Leser einen durchgangigen UEberblick uber die Vorgehens- und Arbeitsweisen aller am Bauwerk und am Baugeschehen Beteiligten zu ermoeglichen. Die Inhalte wurden dementsprechend vorwiegend anwenderorientiert gestaltet und sind insbesondere fur Studierende an Fach- hochschulen als studienbegleitende Grundlage gedacht. Wir hoffen aber, dass auch Fach- leute aus dem Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens und der Architektur hier wesentliche Informationen und Anregungen finden, die sie in ihrer beruflichen Arbeit unterstutzen. Die Zielsetzung eines moeglichst weitgreifenden UEberblicks bringt es naturgemass mit sich, dass in manchen Bereichen auf die im Einzelfall wunschenswerte Ausfuhrlichkeit oder die Vollstandigkeit, zum Beispiel bei der Darstellung der Bauverfahren, verzichtet werden musste, um den Gesamtrahmen nicht zu uberfordern. In diesen Fallen haben wir uns bemuht, entsprechende Hinweise zu geben und die grundlegenden Verfahren und Arbeitsweisen so darzustellen, dass dem Leser die Bearbeitung weiterfuhrender Problem- stellungen erleichtert wird. Wir danken allen Mitarbeitern des Verlages fur die hervorragende Zusammenarbeit. Unser besonderer Dank gilt den Autoren der weiteren Bande der Reihe fur ihre kollegiale Unterstutzung.

Seit dem Erscheinen des Bandes "Die Stadte in den 80er Jahren" hat sich die Situation der Stadte in Deutschland erheblich verandert. Zehn Jahre spater erfordern die Wiedervereinigung, Wanderungsbewegungen, Prozesse der fortgesetzten Deindustrialisierung, steigende Arbeitslosigkeit und Armut sowie eine zunehmende Finanznot der Stadte neue Diagnosen. Die Originalbeitrage des Bandes - verfasst von Experten auf dem jeweiligen Gebiet - geben eine materialreiche Darstellung dieser demographischen, sozialen und okonomischen Entwicklungen der Stadte in West- und Ostdeutschland.

Die Beitrage dieses Bandes sind innerhalb eines Forschungsprojektes entstanden, das einen unverhaltnisma/3ig LlTlStandl ichen Titel trug: "Kulturelle und ethnische ldentitat bei Arbeitsmigranten im interkontextuellen, intergenerationalen und internationalen Vergleich". Gleichwohl war der Titel nicht unangemessen: Es sol 1 ten verschiedene Aspekte und Dimensionen der "Ethnicity" von Arbeitsmigran- ten unterschiedlicher Herkunft und unterschiedlicher Lebens- und Aufenthalts- situationen untersucht werden. 1m Mittelpunkt sollte ein Vergleich zwischen erster und zweiter Generation von jugoslawischen und tUrkischen Arbeitsmigranten, sowie ein Vergleich in Bezug auf die sozial-ekologische KCInl)OSition der Wohnum-- gebung stehen. Das Projekt hat eine Reihe von verschiedenen Ausgangspunkten und eine langere Vorgeschichte. FUr Hartmut Esser setzt es den SchluBpunkt unter eine Serie von ElfT )irischen Untersuchungen zur Eingliederung von Arbeitsmigranten, die zunachst mit einer groBangelegten (bundesweit reprasentativen) Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums fUr Forschung und Technologie (1976 - 1979) begann, mit einer kontextanalytischen Zusatzuntersuchung in Kelner Stadtteilen (1979) fortgesetzt und in einer von der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk geferderten Sekundaranalyse (1980- 1982) vertieft wurde. Die theoretischen Grundlagen und zentralen ElfT )irischen Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen wurden in einer Reihe von Publikationen nieder- gelegt (vgl. Esser u.a. 1979; Kremer und Spangenberg 1979; Esser 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983; Esser, E., 1982; Trube 1984; Hill 1984a, b).

Dieses Buch ist eine Einfuhrung in Methodologie, Methoden und Praxis der empirischen Sozialforschung. Die Methoden werden ausfuhrlich dargestellt und an zahlreichen Beispielen aus der Forschung erlautert. Damit leitet das Buch nicht nur zur kritischen Lekture vorhandener Untersuchungen, sondern ebenso zu eigener Forschung an."